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• The Durham Monks at Jarrow [top]
  Written by A. J. Piper, Department of Palaeography & Diplomatic, University of Durham
  Published in 1986 in Great Britain in paperback, 40pp, no ISBN

Contents:
The Durham Monks at Jarrow
Abbreviations
Appendices:
Appendix 1. Masters of Jarrow
Appendix 2. Monks at Jarrow
Notes

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• Lordship and the Urban Community: Durham and Its Overlords, 1250-1540 [top]
  Written by Margaret Bonney
  First published in 1990 in Great Britain in hardback by Cambridge University Press, in hardback with dustjacket, ISBN 0521362873
  Jacket illustration: Laurence of Durham, c.1140, Cosin MS v.II.I, Durham University Library. Jacket Design: Ken Farnhill
  British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
  Bonney, Margaret
  Lordship and the urban community: Durham and its overlords, 1250-1540-
  1. Durham (County). Durham, history
  1. Title
  942.8'65
  Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data
  Bonney, Margaret
  Lordship and the urban community: Durham and its overlords 1250-1540 / Margaret Bonney
  p. cm.
  Bibliography.
  Includes index
  ISBN 0-521-36287-3
  1. Durham (England) - History. 2. Feudalism - England - Durham - History. 3. Durham (England) - History. 4. Land tenure - England - Durham - History - Church History. 1. Title.
  DA690.D96B66 1989
  942.8'65 - dc20 89-7084 CIP
  

About this book/synopsis: The City of Durham, although geographically far removed from the centre of political power in England in the later medieval period, was of great strategic andecclesiastical importance during its early history. It was the seat of the Prince Bishops, a military headquarters for the defence of the Northern borders of England, a centre for pilgrimages to the shrine of St. Cuthbert and the principal market town for the region. Yet it has received scant attention from historians, a neglect which this book remedies. After tracing Durham's late tenth-century origins, the book examines the subsequent developments in religious and military building work on the peninsula which accompanied the growth of a successful urban community in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The evidence of hundreds of medieval title deeds and many other sources combined with a study of the landscape reveals the appearance of the town in the later middle ages; its unique site, and the influence this had on the layout of the town; its division into five separate 'boroughs'; and the generally poor standard of its domestic architecture in comparison with the buildings on the peninsula. This section of the book is complemented by the reproduction of all the extant medieval plans for Durham in an appendix including later maps of the town and several llustrations which help to explain the complex topography.
The remainder of the book explores three significant aspects of the relationship between the townsmen and their eccelsiastical overlords - in particular Durham priory, which had extensive property holdings in the town. The financial arrangements between landlords and tenants are analysed, leading to the conclusion that the fifteenth century was a time of difficulty for the priory, marked by falling rent values, the growth of arrears and an increase in the number of vacant holdings. The economy of the town is discussed, and Durham can be seen to have avoided the worst symptoms of late medieval decline because, despite its relatively narrow range of industries and the close regulation of trade by its overlords, it did not rely exclusively on any single commercial activity which might fail. Finally, an examination of the enforcement of law and order through the borough courts demonstrates that the five-fold division of the town was meaningless in legal terms. Furthermore, although at first sight Durham's overlords might seem oppressive, there is little evidence of the townsmen's dissatisfaction with their rule, and none of the urban revolt in late medieval Durham

Contents:
Laurence the monk of Durham, c.1140
Acknowledgements
List of abbreviations
Introduction

1. Urban Origins: The Growth and Development of Durham to 1250
-The origins of Durham
-The growth and development of Durham to c.1250
2. The Urban Landscape of Durham 1250-1540
-Suburban and development: the boroughs
-River, bridges and mills
-The streets
-Tenements, messuages and burgages
3. Durham's Medieval Buildings
-Domestic buildings
-Public buildings: guild halls, borough court houses and bakehouses
4. Landlord and Tenants: The Economic Relationship Between Durham Priory and Its Urban Tenants in the Later Middle Ages
-The fluctuations of urban rents
-The costs of maintaining an urban estate
5. Trades and Occupations
-The range of trades and industries in medieval Durham
-The occupational topography of late-medieval Durham
-The Durham market
-Merchants and craftsmen: origins, wealth and social status
-Craft organisation
-The Durham economy in a national context
6. Lordship in Action: The Maintenance of Law and Order in Late-Medieval Durham
-The Local Courts of Durham
-The Personnel of the Durham Courts
-The Business of the Durham Courts
-Fines and Other Punishments

Conclusion. Lordship and Community: The Relations Between Durham and Its Ecclesiastical Overlords in the Later Middle Ages

Appendix 1. Maps and Plans of Durham
1. John Speed's plan of Durham, 1611
2. John Wood's plan of Durham, 1820
3. Durham in c. 1250
4. Reconstruction of tenements in Crossgate, Alvertongate and Milneburnegate, Old Borough
5. Tenement boundaries in New Elvet, 1439-c.1442
6. Plan of the south-east corner of Durham market place, c.1567-8
7. Plan of Durham's fortifications, c.1400
8. Plan of Durham castle
9. The site and geology of Durham
10. Late-medieval Durham: bridges and mills
11. Scaltok Mill, c.1440-5

Appendix 2. Tables
1. The income of the bursar from Durham rents, 1270-1539
2. The growth of the hostillar's estate in Durham, c.1300-1480: income received from the farms of Old and New Elvet
3. The growth of the hostillar's estate in Durham: acquisitions of land, 1383-1512
4. The income of the almoner from Durham rents, 1290-1537
5. Rent arrears and decayed rents in the Durham estates of the bursar, the hostillar and the almoner, 1325-1533
6. Waste rents in the Durham estates of the bursar, the hostillar and the almoner, 1352-1515
7. Trades and crafts mentioned in Durham deeds pre-1300
8. Trades and crafts mentioned in Durham deeds, 1300-1400
9. Trades and crafts mentioned in Durham deeds, 1400-1500

Appendix 3. The dates of the bishops of Durham from 995 to the Dissolution
Appendix 4. The obedientiaries of Durham Priory
Appendix 5. The Durham Courts

Bibliography; Index

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• This Sumptuous Church: The Story of Durham Cathedral [top]
  Written by C. J. Stranks
  First published in 1973 in Great Britain
  Reprinted in 1983 in Great Britain
  New and Revised Edition published in 1993 by SPCK (The Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge), in paperback, 128pp, ISBN 028104662x, incorporating a new concluding chapter by Peter Baelz

About this book/synopis: Here's Richness!'. This is no-dry-as-dust history, but a chronicle of 'this sumptuous church' and the men who served it from its foundation in 995. In these pages we meet the Saxon saints, Cuthbert and Bede, the medieval monks and prince-bishops, the Reformers who believed that God could best be served by acts of vandalism, the comfortable eighteenth-century dignitaries, the nineteenth-century scholars who founded one of England's first post-Reformation universities and the men and women who have enabled the cathedral to renew its life in the twentieth century. There are also interesting minor characters, some of whom might have been created by Anthony Trollope. The Chapter of Durham has included in its day a naturalist who increased his collection of stuffed birds by presenting departing missionaries with small guns, and a distinguished medieval historian who is known to generations of anglers as the creator of 'a particularly seductive fly'

The part played in the life of the cathedral by architects, artists, craftsmen, and musicians is not forgotten. We also learn something of the changing pattern of the cathedral services during the 19th and 20th Centuries. The cathedral is revealed not only as a superb example of medieval architecture and an ecclesiastical treasure-house, but also as the mother church of a great diocese and a living centre of learning, prayer, and worship, 'as it echoes the glory and goodness of God, a place where human seeking and diving self-disclosure meet.'


Contents:
List of illustrations; Preface
1. The Middle Ages:
1. Pilgrims of Faith
2. The Norman Conquest
3. The Norman Cathedral
4. The Uncorrupt Body Translated
5. Usurpation and Chaos
6. The Magnificent Du Puiset
7. The Chapel of the Nine Altars
8. 'The Most Valiant Clerk in Christendom'
9. The Nevilles and the Raby Buck
10. Years of Growth and Splendour
11. 'The Old Flourishing Time'

2. The Reformation:
1. The New Age Begins
2. The Rising in the North
3. The Laudian Reaction; Royal Visits
4. Troubled Times
5. Cromwell's College
6. The Restoration
7. Ways of Preferment
8. The Exile and His Steward

3. The Eighteenth Century and After:
1. Rationalism and High Living
2. The Fabric in Great Decay
3. Sense and Sensibility in 1804
4. Opening St. Cuthbert's Tomb
5. Founding the University
6. Rearrangement and Renewal
7. Into a New Era by Peter Baelz

Notes
Appendix 1: An Eighteenth-Century Meal
Appendix 2: Bishops, Priors and Deans
Index

List of Plans, drawn by George G. Pace, former architect to the Dean and Chapter:
1. Durham Cathedral and claustral buildings showing use before the dissolution of the monasteries
2. The Durham Peninsula showing the topographical features and present day use of some of the claustral and castle buildings

List of Illustrations:
1. Choir in the mid-eighteenth century
2. Prior Castell's clock in the south transept
3. Sanctuary knocker on the north door
4. Tomb of the venerable Bede
5. Tomb of St. Cuthbert
6. Nave, and choir screen destroyed by Salvin, drawn 1841 by R. G. Billings
7. Nave today with Scott's screen
8. Scott's high altar enclosing Dean Hunt's marble altar
9. Bishop Hatfield's tomb and the episcopal throne