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Milling Machines & Lathes
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Titles to Look Out For:
c1940. Milling Machines and Lathes by Edgar T. Westbury
1948. The Milling Machine by P.S Houghton
1967. Metal Turning Lathes: Their Design, Application and Operation by Edgar T. Westbury
1973. The Grinding Machine by Ian Bradley

On Amazon:
Houghton, P.S. 'The Milling Machine', published in 1948 by Crosby Lockwood & Son, 230pp, hardcover with dustjacket. Sorry, out of stock, but click image to access prebuilt search for this title on Amazon
1948, Crosby, hbk
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  • The Milling Machine [top]
    Written by P.S. Houghton A.M.I.Mech.E.
    First published in 1948 in Great Britain in hardcover with dustjacket, 230pp by Crosby Lockwood & Son, Ltd., 39 Thurloe Street, S.W.7.

Contents: [from dj flap] The milling machine is one of the most important machines used in the production of tools and other engineering components. Over a period of years, special types introduced to meet a specific need, have now become standard. Hence many metal-cutting operations, previously done by hand, on the driller, lathe, shaper and planer, are now performed on the "miller". Moreover, the limits on many articles have steadily become finer, due to the requirements of interchangeable manufacture, and today high-class precision equipment, at one time impossible to produce, is an everyday occurrence.
The work was drafted into its present form to serve as a basis when lecturing, as a visiting teacher, to students taking Production Engineering subjects and preparing for the City and Guilds of London Institute's examinations in "Machine Shop Engineering". The author's wide experience with a number of firms, small and large, assures the technical quality of a book which performs a valuable service for students and engineers.

Chapter 1. Value of the milling machine; types of machines; tool-room machines; the jig borer; the universal miller; vertical-spindle machines; plain horizontal machine; form-duplicating machines; production machines; adjustable spindle; duplex head machine; the planer-type machine; profiling machines; thread-milling machines; gear hobbing machines; choosing a machine; machine drives; advantages of a single-pulley or individual motor drive; horse power required; horse power of machine; horse power based upon chip volume; quick traverse

Chapter 2. Spindle nose; arbors; supporting the key; arbor sizes; types of arbors; attachments

Chapter 3. Need for analysis of cutting action; essential requirements of a milling cutter; cutting action; shock; action of a side and face mill; action of an end or face mill; measuring chip thickness; design notes; "hand" cutting of milling cutters; material for milling cutters; range; carbon steel; high-speed steels; stellite; the carbides; economy in material; number of teeth in milling cutters

Chapter 4. How milling cutters are constructed; built-up types; renovation; coarse-pitch cylindrical slab mills; helical slab mill; side and face or straddle mill; interlocking cutters; end mills, tanged or and shell types; profile cutters; facing cutter or mill; tee-slot cutters; key-seating cutters; woodruff key-seating cutter

Chapter 5. Form cutters, machine relieved; gear cutters; concave and convex cutters; form-relieved cutters for cornering; form-relieved cutters for fluting reamers; taps and drills; form-ground cutters; slotting cutters and saws; hobs for thread-milling; cutting spur; helical and worm gears; grinding cutters, plain and form; wheels, etc.

Chapter 6. Dividing head; care of the head; indexing, types of; plain indexing; universal indexing; examples; indexing for angular measure; sector arms; staggered teeth on reamers; offset for rake using angle cutters

Chapter 7. Differential indexing; influence of gear train; examples-equations-compound indexing, examples-Block indexing

Chapter 8. Need for cutting helical grooves and cams on the milling machine; table movement; gears supplied; points to watch; determining special gear trains; cam milling; head inclined

Chapter 9. Limits of gear cutting on the milling machine; spur gears; tooth shape; terms; face width; module; stub tooth; standard tooth dimensions; data relating to spur gears; example of calculating spur-gear sizes; cutting a spur gear on the milling machine; cutting a rack; helical gears; tooth form; helix angle; lead; "Hand" of helix; helical gear data; computing blank sizes; helix angle correction; pitch and outside diameters; cutting an helical gear on the miller; choosing the cutter; preliminary work

Chapter 10. Bevel gears; bevel-gear data; example of determining blank sizes; cutting a bevel gear on the miller; limitations; "Virtual spur gear"; number of cuts; blank adjustment; worm gearing; limitations; worm form; velocity ratio; pitch; lead; data for worm gearing; example of computing sizes for worm-wheel; cutting a worm-wheel; gashing; hobbing with hob driving and geared

Chapter 11. Methods of holding the work; vices; loading fixtures; fixture design; location; setting pieces; clamping; compressed air; design generally; standard tee shots; machine-hour efficiency

Chapter 12. Coolants, the need for; value; operation conditions; choice; classes; soluble oils or suds; mineral oils; animal and vegetable oils; blended oils; sulphurised oils; coolants for various metals; cutting speeds and feeds; variations in; cutter speed; feed of cutter; suggested table of feeds; depth of cut

Chapter 13. Reasons for negative rake milling; Negative v. Positive rake; cratering and building up of the cutting edge; essential requirements; fluctuations in cutting speed; rigidity; surface finish; cutter details; side and face mill; rake angles; clearance angles; cutting speeds; feeds; down-cutting face mill; chip thickness at commencement of cut; combinations of speed; depth of cut and feed per tooth; cutter life; number of teeth; handling, storage and setting; coolant; horse power; examples of calculations for negative rake milling

Chapter 14. Estimating milling times, factors in; cylindrical cutter; face mill; work offset; other factors; cutter sizes; examples; estimating for gear hobbing-approach; cutter travel for worm-wheels; feed for helical gears; examples of estimating for threadmilling; gear-cutting spur, helical and worm gearing

Chapter 15. Pythagoras' theorem-examples; trigonometric ratios; examples of solutions for right-angled triangles; triangles other than right-angled; sine rule and example; cosine rule and example; sine and cosine formula; triangles with interior angles greater than 90 degrees

Tables; Index

Contains 39 tables

Other Milling Machine Titles:

Westbury, Edgar T. 'Metal Turning Lathes: Their Design, Application and Operation', published by Model Aeronautical Press, hardcover with dustjacket, 1967, 156pp. Sorry, sold out but click image to access prebuilt search for this book on Amazon
1967. MAP (Model & Aeronautical Press)

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Contents: The author was well known in the field of model engineering and wrote widely and with acclaim on model and light engineering practice and design; and his many successful multi-cylinder petrol engines bear evidence of his practical skill and wide engineering knowledge. When this book was published, the motorised lathe had become firmly established and the accessories for the machines robust and precise, capable of ever more accurate work. Measuring and testing equipment was keeping pace. The book covers a comprehensive range of sizes of lathe, embracing all those used in general engineering at that time (1967). This ranged from the smallest to about 6in. centre height, but excluding watchmakers' lathes at the one extreme and heavy industrial lathes at the other. Apart from the latest practice, as per the late 1960s, the book covers the evolution of the lathe, details a number of the latest models on the market at that time and goes on to discuss elements of lathe design.
Installation and driving equipment, accessory equipment and tools and tool holders are each given a chapter. the author then proceeds to the many operations that may be performed on a modern lathe including:
Turning between centres
Chuck and faceplate work
Boring and Internal Turning
Screwcutting and Die threading, and other miscellaneous operations

A final chapter is given over to measurement, marking-out and testing. Nine appendices bring together a lot of valuable engineering data. The book includes about 160 photographs & line drawings

Manufacturers covered:
F. Burnerd & Co. Ltd, Winchester
Colchester Lathe Co. Ltd, Colchester
Denford Small Tools Ltd, Brighouse, Yorks
English & Metric Equipment Ltd., Willesden, London NW
Flexispeed Ltd, Southampton
Gamet Bearings Ltd, Colchester
Frank Guylee Ltd, Sheffield
T.W. Harrison Ltd, Heckmondwike, Yorks
Jones and Shipman Ltd., Leicester
Myfords Ltd., Beeston, Notts
Charles Potass Ltd., Sheffield
Raglan Engineering Co., Nottingham

Some of the Lathes mentioned:

Centric Micro 1 5/8 in. lathe
Flexispeed 2 in. Meteor II lathe
Unimat 9 Universal Machine tool
Myford 3.5 in. ML7 lathe
Boxford 4.5 in lathe
Colchester Bantam 5 in. lathe
Colchester Student 5 in. lathe
Colchester Chipmaster 5 in. lathe
Harrison gap bed lathe
Myford Super 7 lathe
Myford Minikop lathe

Chapters:
1. The Evolution of the Lathe
Primitive forms of turning appliances, Dead Centre lathes or "turns", The pole lathe, The live mandrel, Slide rest, Screwcutting gear, and Self-acting feeds
2. Modern Metal-Turning Lathes
Requirements for general engineering work, Instrument and horological lathes, Precision lathes, Standards of accuracy, Refinements, Versatility, Choice of small lathes available
3. Elements of Lathe Design
Triangular bar bed, Tailstock and saddle guides, V-form guides, Gap in bed, Centre height, Cantilever bed, Headstock, Bearings: Plain bearings, Split bearings, Other types of bearing, Tailstock design, Sliding saddle and compound slide, Screwcutting gear-boxes
4. Installation and Driving Equipment
Methods of driving lathes, Treadle lathes, Power drive, The "Motorised" lathe, Lineshaft drive, Electric motors: suitable types and sizes, Speed changing, Back gear, Clutch control, Speeds and feeds
5. Accessory Equipment
Chucks and holding fixtures, Faceplates, Catchplates and carriers, Angle plates, Lathe centres, Drill pads, Steadies, Hand rests, Slide rest attachments, Taper and contour turning fixtures, Collett chucks
6. Tools and Tool Holders
Forms of cutting tools, Solid forged tools, Tipped or inserted-cutter tools, Tool steels, Rake and clearance angles, Special forms of tools, Tool grinding
7. Turning Between Centres
Methods of centring work, Use of centring devices, Centre-drills, Drilling from live mandrel, Mounting work, Offsetting centres, Use of carriers and driving appliances
8. Chuck and Faceplate Work
Self-centring chucks, Their use and limitations, Independent-jaw chucks, Use of draw-in and push-in collets, Mounting work on faceplates, Setting up, Tests for concentricity, Dial test indicators
9. Boring and Internal Turning
Requirements for Concentric Drilling, Importance of true starting, Correcting error, Undersize drilling, Counterboring, Reaming, Sizing, Internal turning and recessing, Floating cutters
10. Screwcutting and Die Threading
Methods of producing threads, Use of taps and dies, Generating and copying processes, The lead screw, Principles of Gearing, Setting up Change Wheels, Simple and Compound Trains, Screw-cutting gearbox, Hob and Drag attachment, Types of external and internal tools, Thread forms, Multi-start threads, Hand and machine chasers
11. Miscellaneous Lathe Operations
Unusual problems, The versatile machine tool, Rotary-cutter operations, Milling and gearcutting, Saddle boring and facing, Special attachments and fixtures, Spherical turning, Non-circular turning, Relieving, Spinning, Lapping, honing and burnishing, gauging and measurement
12. Measurement, Marking-Out and Testing
Inside and outside calipers, Use of micrometer, Slide gauge, Micrometer depth gauge, Dial test indicator, Bevel gauge, Protractor, Line bar, Toolmaker's square, Surface gauge, Dividers, Toolmaker's buttons, Alignment tests of lathes

Appendices
1. Screwcutting Tables. Myford ML7 and Super 7 (8 T.P.I Lead Screw)
2. Drummond Round Bed (10 T.P.I Lead Screw)
3. Metric and Decimal Equivalents of fractions of an inch
4. Tables of Threads (Whit., B.S.F. and B.A.)
5. Circumferences and Areas of Circles
6. Draw-in Collets
7. Standard Taper Shanks and Sockets
8. Recommended Lubricants
9. Surface Speeds for machining metals

Other metal lathe books that may be of interest:

Lathes generally:

Bradley, Ian. 'The Grinding Machine' published in 1973 in hardcover with dusjacket by MAP Technical, 136pp, ISBN  0852423241. Condition: Near fine book & dustjacket. Clean, well looked-after copy, probably unread. Price: £22.00, not including p&p, which is Amazon's standard charge, currently £2.75 for UK buyers, more for overseas customers
1973, MAP Technical
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  • The Grinding Machine [top]
    By Ian Bradley
    First published in Great Britain in 1973 by MAP Technical, in hardback with dusjacket, 136pp, ISBN 0852423241
    Includes many detailed diagrams and plates

Contents: This book together with 'The Shaping Machine' and 'The Drilling Machine' forms a triumvirate by Ian Bradley dealing with machines used in the workshop which have hitherto been neglected by writers. Of all the machines in the amateur or small workshop, the grinding machine is perhaps the one that is always taken for granted. In its simplest form as used for tool grinding, it performs, when correctly used, one of the most important services in the shop. If we can accept the premise that sharp tools, in their many forms, are essential to satisfactory workshop practice, then the reader will benefit from the information and advice within these pages.

Chapters:
1. Grinding Media
2. Historical Aspects
3. The Simple Tool Grinder
4. Electric Grinding Machines
5. The Angular Grinding Rest
6. Grinding Twist Drills
7. Drill Grinding Head
8. Grinding in the Lathe
9. The Cutter Grinder
10. A Miniature Cutter Grinder
11. The Flexible Shaft Grinder
12. Grinding Attachment for the Engraver
Index

 



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